In May, Evan McDonough accompanied me on a research trip to Zurich North, where we attended the conference, "Polyzentrische Stadtregionen": Programm, Adressen, Ort | "Polycentric city regions".
After a two full days of great presentations and tours, we finally ended
at the airport, where we spent some hours on the public observation
deck, and took a public tour of the airport infrastructure. We learned
about the various components of the airport's infrastructure, safety
mechanisms, maintenance necessities, runway routes, and expansion
plans.
We caught a glimpse of the Emirates Airbus A380 taking off, while contemplating the expansion of the Dubai airport:
We
were not particularly impressed by the draconian efficiency of placing a
deportation jail right on the runway. I wonder what the deportees
thought of the airbus...
 |
| Deportation jail at Zurich Airport. (photo from Evan) |
Later, Evan wrote this:
Zurich Airport, including its
contested flight paths and complex surroundings on the periphery of
Zurich exhibits a form of urbanisation oriented outwards from the city,
one that poses a challenge for global cities such as Zurich that are
enmeshed in global flows, exhibit a degree of internal fragmentation.
Analysis of the existing Zurich Airport and the infrastructure which
connects it to the city suggests that policy aims towards ‘integration’
and ‘mobility’ have the potential to reinforce direction of urbanism in
which people and uses are increasingly separated from each other, a
trend reinforced by transportation infrastructure. The rise in traffic
at the airport - today one of Europe’s major intercontinental hubs with
direct flights to 196 cities around the world and over two million
passengers per month (Zurich Airport 2014), along with the development
of the Glatt Valley outlined in this paper, confirms that although
transportation planning towards the goal of metropolitan ‘integration’
is often a contested and paradoxical process, airport areas and nearby
business districts can be especially difficult places to achieve
sustainable development.
Growing concurrently with Zurich and the city’s emergence as a global
financial centre since the 1970s (Diener et al 2006, p. 490), the
airport exhibits a clear trajectory of growth, remaining a major
European hub despite the collapse of Swissair. Corporate headquarters
and IT firms especially have chosen locate here, rather than central
Zurich, because of the dual advantage of strategic proximity to the
growing airport, as well as availability of land on which to develop
(Diener et al. 2006, p. 634), creating what has been described as an
‘airport corridor’ between the airport and central Zurich (Schaafsma,
2009, p. 175). The large, mixed-use area developing in the Glatt Valley
engages in a mutually beneficial relationship with the airport, as both
the airport and the businesses in the Glatt and the airport itself, are
able to boast of their proximity to one another. Glatt municipalities
have even renamed themselves Flughafenregion Zürich (Airport Region Zürich) highlighting its business-friendly location.
However, this emphasis on
inter-city travel, along with along with the dispersal of urban
functions from the city towards the periphery has implications for the
sustainable development and governance of Zurich. In addition to the
inevitable environmental impacts of such carbon-heavy urbanism, as well
as a protracted cross-border dispute with Germany regarding aircraft
noise and flights paths (Scholl 2009), this direction of growth calls
into question the degree to which transportation enables the social
fragmentation of the Zurich periphery, rather than ‘integrating’ the
city. Such globally interconnected space is certainly beneficial for the
growing business district here, although the question remains: how to
substantially connect the surrounding areas and communities to the
global ‘flows’ that pass through Zurich and its airport? Scholl (2009)
describes how the public urban planning process was employed to reach a
preferred realignment of approach paths and runway orientation, yet it
remains to be seen what role planning may provide in the reconciling
this broader direction of urbanism (and the tendencies of growth for and
by the internationalized business community in Zurich) with the needs
of the people of Zurich.
References
Diener, R., Herzog, J., Meili, M., de Mueron, P., Schmid, C. 206.
Switzerland - An Urban Portrait Zurich: Birkhäuser.
Schaafsma, M. 2009. "From airport city to airport corridor: Airport and
city, sustainability and economy", Airports in Cities and Regions.
Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing.
Scholl, B. 2009. "The interrelationships of airport and spatial
development: Zurich Airport - Experiences from a test planning process",
Airports in Cities and Regions. Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing.
Zurich Airport 2014. Zurich Airport News Flash No. 8 / Zurich Airport Key Figures - April 2014. 25 May 27, 2014. Retrieved here:
